Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) is a condition that affects how the brain processes sensory information. Sensory information includes anything that we can see, hear, touch, taste, or smell, as well as information about our movement and position in space. For children with SPD, this information can become confusing, overwhelming, or even distressing, making everyday activities challenging.
Having a child with Sensory Processing Disorder can be challenging for both the child and the parents. The unique needs and behaviours of these children can sometimes make it difficult to navigate daily life and can cause significant stress for families.
However, understanding the condition and knowing how to support your child can make a world of difference. We are here to help guide you through this journey, providing you with the knowledge and resources you need to support your child effectively.
What Is Sensory Processing Disorder?
SPD is a neurological condition where sensory signals are either not detected or do not get organised into appropriate responses. This disorder affects the way children respond to sensory input, making it difficult for them to interact with their environment in typical ways. For instance, they might be overly sensitive to sounds or textures, or they may seek out intense sensory experiences.
Children with SPD can experience significant challenges in their daily lives. They may have difficulties with coordination, learning new skills, or even just participating in everyday activities like dressing, eating, and playing. These challenges can lead to frustration, anxiety, and behavioural issues, both at home and in school.
SPD is not officially recognised as a distinct medical diagnosis in many places, including Australia, but it is acknowledged by many professionals in the fields of occupational therapy and child development. Understanding SPD and recognising its symptoms are crucial steps in seeking appropriate support and interventions for your child.
Different Types of Sensory Processing Disorder
Sensory Processing Disorder can manifest in various ways, generally falling into three main types:
1. Sensory Modulation Disorder (SMD)
Children with Sensory Modulation Disorder experience difficulty regulating their responses to sensory stimuli. This can manifest as:
- Sensory Over-Responsivity (SOR): Overly sensitive to sensory input, such as being bothered by bright lights, loud noises, or certain textures.
- Sensory Under-Responsivity (SUR): Less responsive to sensory input, appearing as if they are not noticing or are indifferent to their environment.
- Sensory Seeking/Craving (SS): Actively seeking out intense sensory experiences, such as excessive spinning, jumping, or crashing into things.
2. Sensory-Based Motor Disorder (SBMD)
This type involves difficulties with motor skills and coordination, often resulting in clumsiness or problems with tasks that require fine motor skills. SBMD is divided into:
- Dyspraxia: Challenges with planning and executing movements, leading to difficulty with tasks like tying shoelaces or using utensils.
- Postural Disorder: Poor posture and problems with maintaining balance and stability.
3. Sensory Discrimination Disorder (SDD)
Children with Sensory Discrimination Disorder struggle to interpret differences in the qualities of sensory stimuli, such as distinguishing between different textures, sounds, or smells. This can affect their ability to perform tasks that require precise sensory perception.
What Causes Sensory Processing Disorder?
The exact causes of SPD are not fully understood, but it is believed to be the result of a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some potential causes include:
- Genetic Factors: SPD can run in families, suggesting a genetic predisposition. Children with a family history of sensory issues or related disorders, such as autism or ADHD, may be more likely to develop SPD.
- Prenatal and Birth Complications: Complications during pregnancy or birth, such as premature birth, low birth weight, or prenatal exposure to toxins, can increase the risk of SPD.
- Environmental Factors: Early childhood experiences, including lack of sensory experiences, high-stress environments, or exposure to toxins, can contribute to the development of SPD.
Research into the causes of SPD is ongoing, and understanding these factors can help in developing effective interventions and support strategies for children with this disorder.
What Are The Symptoms of Sensory Processing Disorder?
The symptoms of SPD can vary widely from child to child and can affect one or more senses. Some common symptoms include:
- Hypersensitivity (Over-Responsiveness): Children may react strongly to sensory input, such as loud noises, bright lights, or certain textures. They may become easily overwhelmed or distressed by these stimuli.
- Hyposensitivity (Under-Responsiveness): Children may seem unresponsive to sensory input and may not react to things that typically draw attention, such as their name being called or physical touch.
- Sensory Seeking: Some children may crave intense sensory experiences, seeking out activities that provide strong input, such as spinning, jumping, or crashing into objects.
- Motor Coordination Issues: Difficulties with fine motor skills (e.g., writing, buttoning clothes) and gross motor skills (e.g., running, jumping) can be present.
- Behavioural Issues: Sensory processing difficulties can lead to frustration, anxiety, and behavioural problems, such as tantrums, aggression, or withdrawal.
- Difficulty with Daily Activities: Tasks like dressing, eating, or participating in school activities can be challenging due to sensory sensitivities or coordination issues.
Recognising these symptoms and understanding how they impact your child can be the first step towards seeking help and support.
Diagnostic Criteria of Sensory Processing Disorder and How to Get a Diagnosis
Diagnosing Sensory Processing Disorder involves a comprehensive evaluation by a qualified professional, typically an occupational therapist with experience in sensory integration. The steps to getting a diagnosis in Australia include:
- Observation and Documentation: Parents should start by observing their child’s behaviours and documenting any sensory-related issues. Keeping a diary of symptoms and triggers can be helpful.
- Consultation with a GP: Visit your general practitioner to discuss your concerns. They can provide a referral to a specialist, such as a paediatrician or occupational therapist.
- Comprehensive Assessment: A thorough assessment by an occupational therapist will include interviews, questionnaires, and standardised tests to evaluate your child’s sensory processing abilities.
- Development of an Individualised Plan: If diagnosed with SPD, the occupational therapist will work with you to develop a tailored intervention plan to address your child’s specific needs.
It’s important to seek a diagnosis early to provide the necessary support and interventions for your child.
What Other Learning Disorders Are Associated With Sensory Processing Disorder
Sensory Processing Disorder often co-occurs with other developmental and learning disorders. Some common associated conditions include:
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Many children with autism also have sensory processing challenges. Sensory sensitivities are a core feature of autism and can significantly impact daily life.
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Children with ADHD may also experience sensory processing issues, such as hypersensitivity to stimuli or sensory seeking behaviours.
- Learning Disabilities: Difficulties with sensory processing can affect learning abilities, leading to challenges in reading, writing, and other academic skills.
- Anxiety and Mood Disorders: Sensory processing difficulties can contribute to increased anxiety and mood disorders, as children struggle to cope with overwhelming sensory input.
Understanding these associations can help parents and professionals develop comprehensive support plans that address all aspects of a child’s development.
How To Support A Child With Sensory Processing Disorder
Supporting a child with SPD involves a combination of therapeutic interventions, environmental modifications, and consistent routines. Some effective strategies include:
- Occupational Therapy: Occupational therapists can provide sensory integration therapy to help children manage their sensory processing issues. This therapy involves activities designed to help the brain respond more efficiently to sensory input. BillyLids Queensland is an excellent resource for occupational therapy services.
- Environmental Modifications: Creating a sensory-friendly environment at home and school can help reduce stress and improve functioning. This might include using noise-cancelling headphones, providing sensory breaks, or using calming sensory tools.
- Consistent Routines: Establishing predictable routines can help children feel more secure and better manage their sensory needs.
- Other Treatments: Depending on the child’s specific needs, other therapies such as speech therapy, physical therapy, or behavioural therapy may be beneficial.
Collaborating with professionals and learning about different strategies can empower parents to support their child’s unique needs effectively.
Support for Parents Who Have A Child With Sensory Processing Disorder
Having a child with Sensory Processing Disorder can be challenging for parents, but there are many resources and support networks available in Australia to help you navigate this journey. Some helpful resources include:
- SPD Australia: SPD Australia offers information, resources, and support for families affected by Sensory Processing Disorder.
- Raising Children Network: Raising Children Network provides a wealth of information and resources on child development and parenting, including sections on sensory processing issues.
- Carers Australia: Carers Australia offers support services and advocacy for carers, including those caring for children with special needs.
- Parent Support Groups: Joining a local or online support group can provide valuable connections with other parents facing similar challenges. Organisations like Parent to Parent Queensland offer support and resources for parents.
Seeking support from these resources can help parents feel less isolated and more empowered to support their child.
Living With Sensory Processing Disorder
Navigating the challenges of SPD can be difficult, but with the right knowledge, resources, and support, parents can help their children thrive. By understanding the symptoms, seeking a proper diagnosis, and implementing effective support strategies, you can create a positive environment for your child to grow and develop.
While it is challenging for both parents and children, remember that you are not alone. There are many resources and support networks available to help you. With the right treatment and support, you can help your child lead a healthy, happy life and foster a loving and supportive family environment.
FAQs
How Common Is Sensory Processing Disorder?
Sensory Processing Disorder is relatively common, affecting up to 1 in 20 children. It can occur in isolation or alongside other developmental disorders, such as autism or ADHD.
How Does Sensory Processing Disorder Affect A Child?
SPD can affect a child’s ability to process and respond to sensory information, leading to difficulties in daily activities, social interactions, and learning. Symptoms can include hypersensitivity, hyposensitivity, sensory seeking, and motor coordination issues.
Can A Child Have Sensory Processing Disorder Without Autism or ADHD?
Yes, a child can have Sensory Processing Disorder without having autism or ADHD. While SPD often co-occurs with these conditions, it can also occur independently.
Do Children Grow Out Of Sensory Processing Disorder?
Some children may see an improvement in their sensory processing abilities as they grow older, especially with appropriate interventions. However, for others, sensory processing challenges may persist into adulthood.
At What Age Can You Tell If A Child Has Sensory Processing Disorder?
Signs of Sensory Processing Disorder can be evident in early childhood, often before the age of 5. However, some children may not be diagnosed until they start school, where sensory challenges become more apparent in a structured environment.
By understanding Sensory Processing Disorder and seeking the right support, you can help your child navigate their unique sensory world and lead a fulfilling life.
Further resources:
SPD Australia – Sensory Processing Disorder Resources
Provides comprehensive information on SPD, including symptoms, diagnosis, and therapy options in Australia. It also offers support for parents navigating life with a child who has SPD.
Raising Children Network – Sensory Processing Disorder
A trusted Australian resource offering expert advice on recognising SPD and strategies for managing it at home and in school.
Occupational Therapy Australia – Supporting Children with SPD
Information on how occupational therapists can help children with SPD, including sensory integration therapy and other interventions.
Autism Spectrum Australia (Aspect) – SPD and Autism
Offers insights into how SPD is often related to autism and provides guidance on managing sensory challenges for children on the autism spectrum.
Carers Australia – Support for Families of Children with SPD
Provides resources and advocacy for parents caring for children with sensory challenges and other developmental disorders.
The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne – Sensory Processing Disorder and Occupational Therapy
Explains the role of occupational therapy in diagnosing and treating SPD, with a focus on early intervention and therapy strategies.
Parent to Parent Queensland – Support Groups for Families
Offers local support networks and resources for parents of children with special needs, including those with SPD.
NDIS – Support for Children with Sensory Processing Disorder
Information on how the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) can provide funding for therapy services for children diagnosed with SPD.
